During Session 1, “Promising ways of opening science”, the assistance learned about “Open Science” (” Opening Science”) and its actors.
Promising ways of opening science were illustrated with interesting cases. Through these cases the roles of Industry, the Research Community, Government, and dedicated organisations promoting cooperation were highlighted. Challenges and opportunities of “Open Access” were discussed.
Key structural changes, beyond “Opening Science”, for improving technology transfer and strengthening innovation were identified.

During Session 2, “Technological and Industrial Innovation for the Prosperity of Europe”, some key questions pertaining to “Opening Science”, “Innovation” and their importance to Europe’s prosperity were addressed:

• How to build more efficient bridges between knowledge value and market value to securing the European Technological and Industrial Base?
• How should the needs of high-tech businesses in the EU be linked to breakthrough science for securing their worldwide market position?
• How should the financial risks and benefits for the upscaling of the new technologies in the EU be shared? How can investments in important technologies be leveraged?
• How should the EU reinforce its industrial strategy in key domains?

During session 3, “Technological Innovation for the Common Good of Humanity”, we moved to a global perspective, the contribution of technological innovation, supported by “Opening Science”, to the Common Good of Humanity:

• We looked at the fundamental role of Engineers and technology in enabling the development of least developed countries, in a respectful, balanced and ethically sound relationship.
• We looked at how to implement new models for international cooperation, “Open Source” being one of them, to address global existential challenges, such as pandemics and climate change.
• We looked to extend the concept of “Open Source” to other technical fields, e. g. “Open Source Hardware Technologies”, which should also consider low tech for sustainable solutions.

At the end of this conference, the participants can only state that Open(ing) Science is a key enabler and there is a lot of homework to do, to build on the conclusions evidenced by this conference :

• By Europe and its various stakeholders (government, academia, industry, and citizens).
• By Euro-CASE” and its member academies. We should reflect on follow-on activities to this conference.
• By the engineering committee (Applied Sciences, Technologies, and Engineering). We need them to generate the Technological innovation for tackling the huge European and global challenges ahead.

To name a few things for Europe to develop:

• Industrial and political strategies, strongly supported by top-level Research and Innovation, for reducing the EU’s external dependencies.
• Strategies and policies for remaining at the top of scientific knowledge while overcoming the “European Paradox” (top in R&D, but not at the industry level).
• Strategies and policies to deploy its innovation capacities all around its Member States and Regions.
• Strategies and policies to for contributing to the common good of humanity.