Academy’s advice and position paper

18 Oct Carbon credits

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National Academy of Technologies of France (NATF)
2009
This short opinion of the “Energy and Climate Change” Commission of the NATF emits 3 recommendations; 1. 80% of carbon credits exchanges take place in Europe and 20% in the Kyoto market, via the CDP (Clean Development Mechanism). It should be more widely extended. 2. The complexity and the heavy process of carbon credits attribution should be simplified and a special attention should be paid not to only consider important industries. 3. Given its relatively short lifetime, methane is not as accumulated in the atmosphere as is CO2. The GIEC stressing the importance of methane vs. CO2 (1CH4=25CO2) may detour the fight against the CO2 emissions and disperse our efforts.
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18 Oct Critical Infrastructure – Adaptation for Climate Change

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Irish Academy of Engineering (IAE)
2009
This report addresses adaptation issues in three key infrastructural areas: water supply, flood alleviation, and energy infrastructure. It is based on inputs from leading specialists in these fields and the deliberations of a symposium, held in Dublin Castle on April 28th, 2009, and attended by the Minister for the Environment, Heritage and Local Government and an invited audience of researchers, engineers, scientists, policy experts and administrators from all parts of Ireland. The IAE make 18 key recommendations in this report. Significantly, most of these do not involve immediate capital expenditure, but deal with institutional steps that are necessary to ensure the problem is tackled effectively and economically
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17 Oct Biofuels – Opportunities and limits

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Swiss Academy of Engineering Sciences (SATW)
2009
There is some dispute as to whether and to what extent biofuels should be encouraged: Many open questions remain as to their energy efficiency, commercial viability, as well as environmental and social compatibility. In principle, the SATW supports the encouragement of biofuels, as long as their production and trade result in a positive net energy balance; biofuels must further significantly improve the greenhouse gas balance and meet economic, social and environmental sustainability criteria. The SATW recommends limiting production in Switzerland to biofuels made from biological waste as well as plants unsuitable for human or animal consumption. Before Switzerland begins researching, developing, producing, importing and using biofuels more intensely, rules must be defined to minimise conflicts between food production, environmental protection and energy generation. The Swiss Federal Council is called upon to work towards an international agreement and join it, ensuring that the same principles apply in all countries.
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17 Oct Policy Advisory: Energy Policy and Economic Opportunity – The Potential of Large Scale Electricity Exports

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Irish Academy of Engineering (IAE)
2012
The opportunity to export electricity has arisen because of the difficulty the UK has in meeting its EU renewable energy targets; the commissioning of the East-West Interconnector in 2012 between Ireland and Great Britain; the opportunity to offload onshore wind in the Irish system which would otherwise have been curtailed off; and a surplus of conventional generation in Ireland. This report is the first in a new series of reports on Energy Policy and Economic Opportunity which will be produced by the Academy this year.  This series of reports will also address the role of Oil and Gas, Emerging Transport Technology and Conservation and Energy Efficiency.
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17 Oct Policy Advisory: The Future of Oil and Gas in Ireland

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Irish Academy of Engineering (IAE)
2013
Ireland’s renewable energy supply has grown steadily in recent years but oil and gas continue to provide over 80% of Ireland’s energy supply.  The country’s dependence on these fossil fuels will continue for several decades to come and policy decisions which are taken now will impact significantly on Ireland’s future economic competitiveness. Government policies should promote further development of the natural gas market in Ireland as well as investment in strategic gas infrastructure.  Ireland’s energy import costs can potentially be reduced by over €300 million each year by switching from oil to natural gas in the residential, commercial and industrial sectors. More needs to be done by Government also to attract oil companies with the technical and financial capacity to explore and develop Ireland’s offshore hydrocarbon resources.
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17 Oct Policy Advisory: Achieving Ireland’s Energy and CO2 Reduction Targets – An Alternative Approach

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Irish Academy of Engineering (IAE)
2013
This policy advisory calls for a strategic rebalancing of Government energy policy between now and 2020 and focuses on the Residential, Commercial, Non-ETS Industrial and Public Service Sectors. Through innovative analysis, it proposes several pragmatic measures which have good payback, make national economic sense with associated opportunities for private enterprise, which will stimulate much-needed national economic growth and construction-related employment.
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17 Oct How to encourage the renewable production of electricity?

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Swiss Academy of Engineering Sciences (SATW)
2012
In der Schrift erörtern die Autoren die prinzipiellen Möglichkeiten zur Förderung des erneuerbaren Stroms und analysieren diese in knapper Darstellung. Alle vier untersuchten Förderinstrumente (Einspeisevergütung, Bonusmodell, Quotenregelung und Ausschreibungen) zeigen dabei Stärken, aber auch Schwächen und es gibt keine einfache Regel für die Wahl eines solchen Instrumentes. Es zeigt sich aber doch, dass – eine weitsichtig planende Politik vorausgesetzt – bei längerfristig stabilen Fördermassnahmen die grossen Ziele für 2030 erreichbar sein sollte
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17 Oct Future Energy Grid. Information and communication technology for the way towards a sustainable and economical energy system

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National Academy of Science and Engineering (acatech)
2012
Germany's change in energy policy can only succeed using smart grids. Germany wants to opt out of nuclear energy by 2022 and rapidly transition to renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power. However, electricity production from these energy sources is sporadic by nature as wind and sun are not consistently available. The current energy grid is not designed for a large number of fluctuating energy sources, therefore these renewable energies can only be integrated into the electricity system on a large scale if the grid infrastructure and storage capacities are upgraded. Information communication technology (ICT) is essential for the future power supply. Energy technology and ICT merge together in a “smart grid”, in which the individual infrastructure components communicate with each other and the power consumption and generation intelligently adapt to each other.
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17 Oct Towards a financially viable transition to sustainable energy Efficient regulation for tomorrow’s energy system

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National Academy of Science and Engineering (acatech)
2012
The decision to initiate a transition to sustainable energy has brought about a paradigm shift in Germany's energy policy, with the German government targeting a complete overhaul of the energy supply system by 2050. The aim is for the lion's share of future electricity generation to be accounted for by renewables. This will only be possible with significant investment in the expansion of renewable energy generation capacity, backup capacity to guarantee security of supply and grid infrastructure development. This substantial challenge is set to become even greater now that phasing out nuclear power has once again become a priority for Germany.
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