Academic report, by a Commission or a Working Group

21 Oct Engineering Power – Vol. 12(1) 2017

Croatian Academy of Engineering (HATZ)
2017
Vol. 12(1) 2017 - 20 pages - English Food producers are meeting numerous challenges nowadays, starting from increasing world population, eating habits, climatic changes, use of agricultural products in energy production, migration, increasing energy costs etc. Along with all these challenges and limited resources, food producers are obliged to produce sufficient quantities of safe and high quality food for the increasing world population. On the other hand, food industry generates large quantities of by-products that represent a large environmental problem, solved in most cases through landfills, composting, or animal feed. A large quantity of contemporary research deals with this issue and the top subject of many documents is the utilization of food industry by-products as potential raw materials for food. The reasons for this include the fact that many by-products contain a variety of nutrients, making them valuable as raw materials in the production and development of new products, among other reasons such as increasing food prices, large quantities of generated by-products, increasing cost of waste management, and increasing environmental concerns. Maintaining the quality of a product requires constant generation of certain quantities of by-products. These quantities are constantly growing, as the result of the increasing food production. The application of food industry by-products in food production results in various changes in products, depending on both the properties of the by-product, which includes the mode of application, and production conditions. To develop a product with desirable organoleptic characteristics, one has to know the properties of the raw materials and processes, and how to adjust recipes and introduce new technologies and/or processes, in order to obtain products as similar to the original as possible. During the realization of the project Application of Food Industry By-products in the Development of Functional and Environmentally Friendly Extruded Food Products and Additives (funded by the Croatian Science Foundation), we used raw materials and technologies that enabled us to develop products with increased nutritional value and desirable organoleptic characteristics. ”Green” technologies (supercritical CO2 extraction, extrusion with supercritical CO2) were used in by-product preparation and product finalization in order to obtain safe, high quality products and modified half-products that may be used in food production.
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21 Oct Engineering Power – Vol. 12 (2) 2017

Croatian Academy of Engineering (HATZ)
2017
Vol. 12(2) 2017 - 20 pages - English Biomedical engineering is an interdisciplinary field combining knowledge of engineering (electrical engineering, computer science, information and communication technology, physics, chemistry ...), biology and medicine. The development of medical science, health service organisation and health care at the turn of this century is closely and inseparably linked to the development of electronic, computer, information and communication technologies. Electrical equipment and accessories are an integral part of almost every medical examination/intervention, and computer and information and communication systems are now an inseparable part of everyday life. Electroencephalography (EEG) is one of the basic neurophysiological methods of registration of the brain bioelectric activity. It was first mentioned in the thirties of the last century in the works of neuropsychiatrist Hans Berger. He was recording, using sensitive galvanometer, the first signals that belong to the alpha frequency range, according to today’s classification. EEG as a diagnostic method begins routinely carried out with the first commercially available electroencephalograph in the fifties of the last century. Here we must point out Professor Ante Šantić who already in 1957, as an employee of the Institute of Electrical Engineering in Zagreb, designed and commercialised 12 channel electroencephalograph, the first in South-eastern/Central Europe. Upon arrival at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Zagreb, in 1972 he founded the Laboratory for Biomedical Electronics and starts lecturing on Biomedical Electronics, for which he wrote the textbook of the same name, and thus lays the foundation of biomedical engineering in Croatia. Technological progress made it possible to process electroencephalographic signals on the digital computer. Already in the beginning of the seventies, it was carried out on the PDP-8 computer by Prof. Stanko Tonković, PhD, Dipl Eng, an employee of the Faculty of Electrical Engineering in Zagreb, and Velimir Išgum, PhD, Dipl Eng, an employee of the Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb. Velimir Išgum, PhD, continues his career in the Department of Neurology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, where he participated in the founding of the Laboratory of evoked potentials. Additionally, he founded the Laboratory for Cognitive and Experimental Neurophysiology. Several papers listed thereafter represent a continuation of research that started in these laboratories. Initiation and development of this inter- and multi-disciplinary area would be impossible without the support and active participation of medical doctors. This high quality and fruitful collaboration took place to this day, which is directly visible in the presented papers. The following papers presented some of the current research projects in the field of neurophysiology that uses measurement, processing and analysis of the electroencephalographic signals. The first paper presents several modalities for brain-computer interface (BCI), very actively investigated area in the last years. The following paper deals with the application of invasive EEG monitoring in the surgical treatment of patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy. The third document describes the use of the evoked potentials in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. The fourth paper describes the diagnostic value of vibration evoked potentials, while the fifth one deals with auditory evoked potentials with a focus on the used stimuli and paradigms.
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21 Oct Engineering Power – Vol. 12 (3) 2017

Croatian Academy of Engineering (HATZ)
2017
Vol. 12(3) 2017 - 20 pages - English Biomedical engineering is one of the fastest developing fields, which touches many specialties and provides a basis for the faster development of medical science. Close and fruitful cooperation of medical doctors and engineers results in team synergy, thus enabling faster progress than in the case when everyone works separately in their own “silos”. At the University of Zagreb, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture we recognized the necessity of such cooperation mora than ten years ago. Today, our several engineer teams are t5eamed up with medical doctors in projects related to medicine. As pathological conditions in the cardiovascular system (such as atherosclerosis, formation of aneurysms, valvular heart diseases, ect.) are strongly interlinked with the hemodynamics of the cardiovascular system and tissue remodelling, they attract of our departments. The Department of Fluid Mechanics is now in charge of hemodynamics and the Department of Mechanics is in charge of tissue remodelling and formation of aneurysms. The papers below provide the Department of Fluid Mechanics team with a short overview over research activities and results in the field of hemodynamic modelling of the cardiovascular system. we have developed models and numerical methods with different levels of complexity: from a lumped parameter model to one-dimensional and quasi two-dimensional model. The simplest lumped parameter model is important for clinicials, since it describes the principal part of the cardiovascular systems with a relatively small number of parameters, each having a clear physiological meaning crucial to understand the system function. Such a model is being applied in an ongoing project considering non-invasive method for the model parameter identification of pulmonary circulation in subjects with pulmonary hypertension. The problem with one-dimensional and three-dimensional models is that they require more input data (e.g. space variation of blood vessel diameter and wall properties) that cannot be easily measured, but still such models are very important for understanding wave phenomena in the arterial tree and for estimating the local flow parameters, important for the prediction of some diseases (such as aneurysm growth). The developed models and methods are a good basis for prospective cooperation with the University of Zagreb, School of Medicine with purpose of collaborative research on artificial heart development and education of prospective medical engineering students.
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21 Oct Security Research – Opportunities and Perspectives

National Academy of Science and Engineering (acatech)
2009
Security is a basic need of human beings and therefore of society. Science and technology serve the purpose of satisfying this fundamental need. The concept of security is used, however, in many different ways; as a consequence, the heterogeneity of the concept is implemented in the models and solutions conceived to guarantee security and safety. The publication constitutes an initial discussion result of the topical network of “Security.” The contributions illustrate the complexity of the concept of “security” and the corresponding theories and solution approaches. All contributions are based on the assumption that the conceptual separation of “security” and “safety” has to be overcome. When developing new technologies, aspects of both safety and security have to be taken into consideration. While practical experience is seeking the integration of the most diverse protection goals, subsidy policy is still geared to separate approaches. The volume on hand sketches thought-provoking stimuli from various scientific disciplines, which could make a contribution to constituting a bridge between safety and security.
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21 Oct Technological Knowledge – Evolution, Methods, Structures

National Academy of Science and Engineering (acatech)
2010
In its initial year as the German Academy of Science and Engineering, acatech made an essential contribution to the discussion about the formulation of the self-conception of the engineering sciences with the “Technological Knowledge” conference it organized. The interdisciplinary contributions focused on questions about the evolution, methods and structure of technological knowledge, i.e. questions about the continuation of the systematization of the engineering sciences. Against the backdrop of the discussion, the conference contributions reflect the principles according to methodology, scientific theory as well as the formal foundations of the engineering sciences.
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21 Oct Organic Electronics in Germany

National Academy of Science and Engineering (acatech)
2011
Organic electronics is still a new technological field, encompassing such varying applications as illuminants, photovoltaics, printed electronics and batteries. Replacing inorganic by organic materials in electronic components, in particular for the transformation of light into electric power (photovoltaics) and vice-versa of electric power into light (illuminating diodes), promises fundamental benefits in economic and ecological terms alike; as well as advantages in terms of application options and design, e.g. for large-scale lighting, flexible displays and the generation of energy. Substantial efforts in research in relation to theoretical understanding, effective materials and controlled process technology, i.e. largely for the entire value creation chain, are required, however, for a competitive, efficient and economic implementation in this respect.
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21 Oct Educating engineers to drive the innovation economy

Royal Academy of Engineering (UK) (RAEng)
2012
This report takes the long view on the subject of innovation, highlighting the three major types before focusing on the radical innovation process and how this can be embedded into engineering education. The report proposes a realignment of innovation education for engineers, moving the emphasis from purely downstream improvements in productivity and efficiency towards an upstream emphasis upon creativity and transformation.
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21 Oct Industrial Systems: capturing value through manufacturing

Irish Academy of Engineering (IAE)
2012
This report seeks to make a contribution to the promotion of a broader view of the value of manufacturing and the industrial systems in which it operates We hope that this will, in turn, help stimulate new opportunities for capturing economic value. As part of our project, we undertook an extensive review of the literature with the help of the Institute of Manufacturing in Cambridge, which produced a background analysis to further our understanding. We undertook face-to-face structured interviews with 18 senior business and academic leaders, both to influence the initial scope of the study and inform its final content.
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21 Oct Lecture Series on Engineering Research & Innovation

Irish Academy of Engineering (IAE)
2013
It was decided by the Academy, following their report “Engineering Research and Irish Economic Development (Dec. 2010)”, that for the greater promotion of its findings and recommendations, to invite four distinguished engineers who have made their names in the international world of engineering innovation, to participate in this lecture series on the topic of Engineering Research and Innovation. This particular publication focuses on the vital role of research in industrial innovation and identifies the specific contributions which the various sectors make:- 1.    Government through its fundamental strategies and its agencies. 2.    Industry with its interaction with the research programmes of engineering schools. 3.    The engineering schools which promote the innovation of undergraduate courses and in their research topics. 4.    The speakers, each of whom is of the highest international standards and who came to Ireland to give these lectures and share their views with us.
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21 Oct Innovation in technology-based companies

Royal Academy of Engineering (UK) (RAEng)
2012
A summary of a meeting organised by the Royal Academy of Engineering 19 July 2012 at 3 Carlton House Terrace, London SW1Y 5DG.
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