Working group reports

17 Oct The use of natural agents and renewable and recoverable energy sources in refrigeration and climate conditioning facilities / Utilizarea agenţilor naturali şi a surselor de energie regenerabile şi recuperabile în instalaţiile frigorifice şi de climă

Posted at 16:04h in - Classification of themes - All, Energy and Climate Change, Romanian Academy of Technical Sciences (ASTR), Working group reports by administrateur 0 Comments
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Romanian Academy of Technical Sciences (ASTR)
2012
This paper attempts to examine the issue of air conditioning which must meet the following requirements: to conserve the energy, to protect the environment and to be compact as geometry. For this purpose are presented air conditioning refrigeration systems that use renewable energy sources (solar energy), natural refrigerants for environment protection, under international norms and compact heat exchangers (plate, microchanels).
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17 Oct Prospects for renewable energies via hydrogen for a sustainable urban transport / Prospecţii privind utilizarea energiilor regenerabile via hidrogen pentru un transport urban sustenabil

Posted at 16:03h in - Classification of themes - All, Energy and Climate Change, Romanian Academy of Technical Sciences (ASTR), Working group reports by administrateur 0 Comments
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Romanian Academy of Technical Sciences (ASTR)
2012
The aim of this paper is to give a snapshot of the possibility to introduce hydrogen into urban mobility in spite of the still existing technological drawbacks. A case study analyses, for a given situation, is proposed to be elaborated as an experimental application.
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17 Oct The city of alternative energy

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Romanian Academy of Technical Sciences (ASTR)
2012
Our paper presents general aspects regarding renewable energy and its technologies. We are summarizing and comparing the characteristics of the five existing energy sources: photovoltaic, wind, geothermal, bioenergy and tidal energy.
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17 Oct The future of electricity supply

Posted at 15:34h in - Classification of themes - All, Co-studies, Energy and Climate Change, Swiss Academy of Engineering Sciences (SATW), Working group reports by administrateur 0 Comments
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Swiss Academy of Engineering Sciences (SATW)
2012
Der Umstieg auf Erneuerbare Energien sowie der grosse Erneuerungs- und Ausbaubedarf bei der Produktion und Übertragung lassen einen grundlegenden Umbau des Elektrizitätssystems erwarten. Die Akademien der Wissenschaften Schweiz begrüssen, dass der Bund einen klaren Rahmen für die Energiepolitik der nächsten Jahre schaffen will. Sie unterstützen grundsätzlich die in der neuen Energiepolitik enthaltene Ausrichtung, Energie effizienter zu nutzen und die erneuerbare Stromproduktion auszubauen. Ein weiteres wichtiges Ziel ist die Integration der schweizerischen Stromversorgung in den europäischen Markt.
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17 Oct A National Energy Strategy 2013-2017/English

Posted at 15:12h in - Classification of themes - All, Energy and Climate Change, Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences (NTVA), Working group reports by administrateur 0 Comments
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Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences (NTVA)
2013
It is vital for success in terms of research and the country's industry that Norway has research groups that are attractive partners for international research organizations. A robust positioning of the Norwegian research community in the EU's research programmes is an important part of this strategy. Cooperation with research groups in the USA, Japan, China and other countries, must also be part of the strategy to guarantee high quality Norwegian research. Funding for modern laboratories is an important part of this positioning strategy.
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17 Oct Annual Report 2014

Posted at 13:51h in - Classification of publications - All, - Classification of themes - All, Academic report, by a Commission or a Working Group, Academy’s advice and position paper, Biotechnologies, Co-studies, Communications to the Academy by its members, Demography, Education, Training, Employment, Energy and Climate Change, Environment, Ethics, Information and Communication Technologies, Mobility and Transportation, Other, Other publications, Real Academia de Ingenieria (Spain) (RAI), Research, Technologies, Innovation and Employment, Society and Technology, Technologies and Development for Developing Countries, Technologies and Health, Ten questions and answers on technology topics, Urbanism and Housing, Working group reports by administrateur 0 Comments
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Real Academia de Ingenieria (Spain) (RAI)
2015
 
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17 Oct Energy Vectors

Posted at 13:44h in - Classification of publications - All, - Classification of themes - All, Academic report, by a Commission or a Working Group, Academy’s advice and position paper, Co-studies, Communications to the Academy by its members, Energy and Climate Change, Environment, National Academy of Technologies of France (NATF), Other publications, Ten questions and answers on technology topics, Working group reports by administrateur 0 Comments
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National Academy of Technologies of France (NATF)
2015
Changes in energy procurement/uses have often followed differing ‘trajectories’ in different countries while being related by factors such as oil prices and climate change.  While these forces are still active, time-scales have shifted (e.g. for peak oil and gas). The Fukushima accident has recently shaken confidence into nuclear power. This Report proposes a robust methodology helping in situations of energy transition to make relevant choices on both economic and ecological levels. Focussing on the French situation, it defines Energy Vectors as the support system delivering energy in the form of electricity, petrol, gas, or heat, etc. to consumers and deals with the intermediary stage of vectors between energy sources (coal, gas, U, wind, hydro) and demand of final energy (for transport, heating, industrial processes, etc.). But end-consumers are often not aware of the source for the final energy they receive. Distinguishing between sources would allow economic and ecological competition (when C02 emissions carry a price-tag).  This report throws new light on the political decisions that must be taken and provides guidelines with a long-range relevance - the parametric structure allowing application to any given case. Group Leader: Gilbert Ruelle, Former Director of the Alstom Division Alternators, Honorary President of CREEBEL, and NATF Fellow
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17 Oct Methane

Posted at 13:42h in - Classification of publications - All, - Classification of themes - All, Academic report, by a Commission or a Working Group, Academy’s advice and position paper, Co-studies, Communications to the Academy by its members, Energy and Climate Change, Environment, National Academy of Technologies of France (NATF), Other publications, Ten questions and answers on technology topics, Working group reports by administrateur 0 Comments
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National Academy of Technologies of France (NATF)
2016
Strong variations of atmospheric concentrations of methane, a potent greenhouse gas, have accompanied glacial and interglacial periods. Such variations influence the timetable and magnitude of climate changes. The report describes and analyses natural and human-related sources and sinks of atmospheric methane with particular attention to potentially massive emissions from thawing permafrost in Arctic wetlands and marine methane hydrates (clathrates). The methane fluxes between main reservoirs and the atmosphere is measured via ground-based networks or from outer space, allowing a better understanding of evolving atmospheric concentrations and interaction between sinks and sources. As atmospheric methane is destroyed over time (half-life ~7 years), its CO2 equivalence, in terms of GHG-efficiency is not straight-forward, depending on the time-scale applied.  While increasing fossil fuel exploitation is an important methane source, emissions could be limited at reasonable cost.  Feedbacks from wetlands and soils are more difficult to control. A number of recommendations on how to limit methane release are made in areas such as agricultural practices, waste- and landfill management, biomass combustion, exploitation of coal, natural gas and oil. Carefully follow developments in boreal zones, especially regarding the possible exploitation of methane from permafrost and marine clathrates. Group Leader: Jean-Claude André, Former Director of the European Centre for Research and Advanced Training in Scientific Computing (CERFACS), and NATF Fellow
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17 Oct Report of the National Academy of Technologies of France (NATF) – First contribution to the Energy Transition National Debate

Posted at 13:41h in - Classification of publications - All, - Classification of themes - All, Academic report, by a Commission or a Working Group, Academy’s advice and position paper, Co-studies, Communications to the Academy by its members, Energy and Climate Change, National Academy of Technologies of France (NATF), Other publications, Ten questions and answers on technology topics, Working group reports by administrateur 0 Comments
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National Academy of Technologies of France (NATF)
2014
Changes in world-wide energy production and utilisation are partly imposed (emerging countries’ energy needs, depletion of some oil/gas fields), or voluntarily implemented (energy autonomy, climate-change policy, industrial competition). France has launched a nation-wide debate on energy-policies with the participation of NATF. This document is a first contribution. It examines also the policy paths chosen respectively by the USA and Germany. Some of the EU 20-20-20, the EU “Roadmap to 2050”, as well as self-imposed energy targets can be achieved through demand-control and energy-efficiency, i.e. better (including older) building insulation, more efficient household appliances, direct heating, thermal solar panels, heat pumps, etc. While new urban areas need to be energy-lean with little commuting requirements, meeting these requirements has a price and needs societal commitment. Fossil fuels should be kept for transport and chemical industry sectors. Vehicles will increasingly use electricity or biofuels. Industrialists stabilise energy requirements through improvement of production processes. French nuclear power capacity will continue, but move to more flexibility, compensating for the intermittency of wind- and solar power. “Smart” grids and non-intermittent renewable energy sources should contribute to power stability. Total savings in French energy consumption could attain –15% by 2025 and –30% by 2050. The final goal is the reduction of the GHG emissions at the least cost. Working-group leader: Bernard Tardieu, Honorary President Coyne & Bellier, President of the Committee on Energy & Climate Change, and NATF Fellow
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17 Oct Technologies and Climate Change – Solutions for Mitigation and Adaptation

Posted at 13:28h in - Classification of publications - All, - Classification of themes - All, Academic report, by a Commission or a Working Group, Academy’s advice and position paper, Co-studies, Communications to the Academy by its members, Energy and Climate Change, National Academy of Technologies of France (NATF), Other publications, Ten questions and answers on technology topics, Working group reports by administrateur 0 Comments
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National Academy of Technologies of France (NATF)
2016
The report takes stock of available or future technologies for mitigating climate change. First conclusion: climate-engineering, in the current state of knowledge, is not an alternative. Then it identifies the most favourable conditions, especially in the most contributing sectors, for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and promoting preventive adaptation measures, including a carbon emission penalty. The cost of increased energy efficiency must be less than the value of the energy saved and, as the case may be, the worth of CO2 not emitted. The same cost-benefit analysis should apply for any mitigation technology considered. Preventive adaptation measures are possible in agriculture, forestry, energy, urban environment, manufacturing, coastal protection, access to safe water, resources management, etc. Moreover, involving civil society (lifestyles and behaviours) will play an important role in reducing GHG emissions. And we must not forget technologies in developing countries, which are often more vulnerable to climate change than the richer developed countries. Working-group leaders: Marion Guillou, President of the Board of the Agronomic, Veterinary and Forest Institute of France – AGREENIUM; and Alain Pavé, University professor and former Research director at CNRS – both are NATF Fellows
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