– Classification of themes – All

21 Oct Engineering Power – Vol. 12(1) 2017

Croatian Academy of Engineering (HATZ)
2017
Vol. 12(1) 2017 - 20 pages - English Food producers are meeting numerous challenges nowadays, starting from increasing world population, eating habits, climatic changes, use of agricultural products in energy production, migration, increasing energy costs etc. Along with all these challenges and limited resources, food producers are obliged to produce sufficient quantities of safe and high quality food for the increasing world population. On the other hand, food industry generates large quantities of by-products that represent a large environmental problem, solved in most cases through landfills, composting, or animal feed. A large quantity of contemporary research deals with this issue and the top subject of many documents is the utilization of food industry by-products as potential raw materials for food. The reasons for this include the fact that many by-products contain a variety of nutrients, making them valuable as raw materials in the production and development of new products, among other reasons such as increasing food prices, large quantities of generated by-products, increasing cost of waste management, and increasing environmental concerns. Maintaining the quality of a product requires constant generation of certain quantities of by-products. These quantities are constantly growing, as the result of the increasing food production. The application of food industry by-products in food production results in various changes in products, depending on both the properties of the by-product, which includes the mode of application, and production conditions. To develop a product with desirable organoleptic characteristics, one has to know the properties of the raw materials and processes, and how to adjust recipes and introduce new technologies and/or processes, in order to obtain products as similar to the original as possible. During the realization of the project Application of Food Industry By-products in the Development of Functional and Environmentally Friendly Extruded Food Products and Additives (funded by the Croatian Science Foundation), we used raw materials and technologies that enabled us to develop products with increased nutritional value and desirable organoleptic characteristics. ”Green” technologies (supercritical CO2 extraction, extrusion with supercritical CO2) were used in by-product preparation and product finalization in order to obtain safe, high quality products and modified half-products that may be used in food production.
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21 Oct Engineering Power – Vol. 12 (2) 2017

Croatian Academy of Engineering (HATZ)
2017
Vol. 12(2) 2017 - 20 pages - English Biomedical engineering is an interdisciplinary field combining knowledge of engineering (electrical engineering, computer science, information and communication technology, physics, chemistry ...), biology and medicine. The development of medical science, health service organisation and health care at the turn of this century is closely and inseparably linked to the development of electronic, computer, information and communication technologies. Electrical equipment and accessories are an integral part of almost every medical examination/intervention, and computer and information and communication systems are now an inseparable part of everyday life. Electroencephalography (EEG) is one of the basic neurophysiological methods of registration of the brain bioelectric activity. It was first mentioned in the thirties of the last century in the works of neuropsychiatrist Hans Berger. He was recording, using sensitive galvanometer, the first signals that belong to the alpha frequency range, according to today’s classification. EEG as a diagnostic method begins routinely carried out with the first commercially available electroencephalograph in the fifties of the last century. Here we must point out Professor Ante Šantić who already in 1957, as an employee of the Institute of Electrical Engineering in Zagreb, designed and commercialised 12 channel electroencephalograph, the first in South-eastern/Central Europe. Upon arrival at the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Zagreb, in 1972 he founded the Laboratory for Biomedical Electronics and starts lecturing on Biomedical Electronics, for which he wrote the textbook of the same name, and thus lays the foundation of biomedical engineering in Croatia. Technological progress made it possible to process electroencephalographic signals on the digital computer. Already in the beginning of the seventies, it was carried out on the PDP-8 computer by Prof. Stanko Tonković, PhD, Dipl Eng, an employee of the Faculty of Electrical Engineering in Zagreb, and Velimir Išgum, PhD, Dipl Eng, an employee of the Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb. Velimir Išgum, PhD, continues his career in the Department of Neurology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, where he participated in the founding of the Laboratory of evoked potentials. Additionally, he founded the Laboratory for Cognitive and Experimental Neurophysiology. Several papers listed thereafter represent a continuation of research that started in these laboratories. Initiation and development of this inter- and multi-disciplinary area would be impossible without the support and active participation of medical doctors. This high quality and fruitful collaboration took place to this day, which is directly visible in the presented papers. The following papers presented some of the current research projects in the field of neurophysiology that uses measurement, processing and analysis of the electroencephalographic signals. The first paper presents several modalities for brain-computer interface (BCI), very actively investigated area in the last years. The following paper deals with the application of invasive EEG monitoring in the surgical treatment of patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy. The third document describes the use of the evoked potentials in the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis. The fourth paper describes the diagnostic value of vibration evoked potentials, while the fifth one deals with auditory evoked potentials with a focus on the used stimuli and paradigms.
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21 Oct Engineering Power – Vol. 12 (3) 2017

Croatian Academy of Engineering (HATZ)
2017
Vol. 12(3) 2017 - 20 pages - English Biomedical engineering is one of the fastest developing fields, which touches many specialties and provides a basis for the faster development of medical science. Close and fruitful cooperation of medical doctors and engineers results in team synergy, thus enabling faster progress than in the case when everyone works separately in their own “silos”. At the University of Zagreb, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture we recognized the necessity of such cooperation mora than ten years ago. Today, our several engineer teams are t5eamed up with medical doctors in projects related to medicine. As pathological conditions in the cardiovascular system (such as atherosclerosis, formation of aneurysms, valvular heart diseases, ect.) are strongly interlinked with the hemodynamics of the cardiovascular system and tissue remodelling, they attract of our departments. The Department of Fluid Mechanics is now in charge of hemodynamics and the Department of Mechanics is in charge of tissue remodelling and formation of aneurysms. The papers below provide the Department of Fluid Mechanics team with a short overview over research activities and results in the field of hemodynamic modelling of the cardiovascular system. we have developed models and numerical methods with different levels of complexity: from a lumped parameter model to one-dimensional and quasi two-dimensional model. The simplest lumped parameter model is important for clinicials, since it describes the principal part of the cardiovascular systems with a relatively small number of parameters, each having a clear physiological meaning crucial to understand the system function. Such a model is being applied in an ongoing project considering non-invasive method for the model parameter identification of pulmonary circulation in subjects with pulmonary hypertension. The problem with one-dimensional and three-dimensional models is that they require more input data (e.g. space variation of blood vessel diameter and wall properties) that cannot be easily measured, but still such models are very important for understanding wave phenomena in the arterial tree and for estimating the local flow parameters, important for the prediction of some diseases (such as aneurysm growth). The developed models and methods are a good basis for prospective cooperation with the University of Zagreb, School of Medicine with purpose of collaborative research on artificial heart development and education of prospective medical engineering students.
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21 Oct Security Research – Opportunities and Perspectives

National Academy of Science and Engineering (acatech)
2009
Security is a basic need of human beings and therefore of society. Science and technology serve the purpose of satisfying this fundamental need. The concept of security is used, however, in many different ways; as a consequence, the heterogeneity of the concept is implemented in the models and solutions conceived to guarantee security and safety. The publication constitutes an initial discussion result of the topical network of “Security.” The contributions illustrate the complexity of the concept of “security” and the corresponding theories and solution approaches. All contributions are based on the assumption that the conceptual separation of “security” and “safety” has to be overcome. When developing new technologies, aspects of both safety and security have to be taken into consideration. While practical experience is seeking the integration of the most diverse protection goals, subsidy policy is still geared to separate approaches. The volume on hand sketches thought-provoking stimuli from various scientific disciplines, which could make a contribution to constituting a bridge between safety and security.
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21 Oct Materials Science and Engineering in Germany

National Academy of Science and Engineering (acatech)
2009
Materials are the basis of the production industry. Traditionally, Germany has been very strongly positioned in this sector. Despite the great economic significance of classic materials and new materials, public awareness of materials is very low. Consequently, the corresponding degree programs are pursued by only a small number of students. To advance its overall goals, such as the promotion of young scientists and engineers and the application of research results to technology, acatech, which is the German Academy of Science and Engineering, works to strengthen materials science and engineering in Germany. Research is largely bound to the classic disciplines. As a result, gaps open in the material-to-product chain, which in turn lead to a delayed interdisciplinary transfer and ultimately to a delay in the application of materials in innovation. The paper on hand is the result of the analysis conducted by a project group as part of the topical network of materials science and engineering of acatech. The current situation of materials science and engineering in Germany is described and the need for action presented.
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21 Oct About Robots

National Academy of Technologies of France (NATF)
2009
Man has always sought to free himself from inevitable, fastidious and boring work. Technological progress has partially satisfied his desires through two generic tools: the computer for mental tasks and the robot for physical labour. This report addresses questions about robots frequently raised by the public at large. People regularly hear about them but never actually see them. The main questions concern reasons for their absence, their intelligence and a comparison with human capacities. Since the future cannot be written in advance, where there are no guidelines, the author expresses his own assumptions.
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21 Oct New semiconductors ,new dimensions, new lights

Real Academia de Ingenieria (Spain) (RAI)
2009
Semiconductors for optoelectronics in the blue. The light-emitting blue diode: its origins. Solid-state lighting. Other applications. Final statement.
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21 Oct Defence technology in the XXI century. The digital combat

Real Academia de Ingenieria (Spain) (RAI)
2009
The digital revolution. Atoms, neurons and bits. The impact in Defense. The digital trooper. New technologies, new threats. Ethical, legal and social considerations. Final outcomes.
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21 Oct Strategies for research prioritization – a comparison of six small to medium sized economies

Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering (IVA)
2009
The report is the result of a preliminary study conducted under the project “Prioritisation of Research and Innovation”, which was conducted during 2009 by the Royal Swedish Academy of Engineering Sciences, IVA.
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21 Oct Yellow pages for innovators in Lombardy

CNR, INFN, ITT and Politecnico di Torino consortium
2010
The guide aims at a detailed mapping of  infrastructural actors of the research and innovation system in Lombardy region. Enterprises are in the center of the innovation process: they have the responsibility and the interest in converting the results of R&D activities in goods and services for the market, and of creating value through the production and commercialization of new products. But this is not enough, other institutions are indispensable in an advanced and effective innovation system. First of all universities and public research organizations which supply the necessary higher education to researchers, but also other structures and services are needed: normative, certification, patent offices,  ICT infrastructures, statistics, test and measurements centers, as well as technology transfer structures, incubators, science parks. And on other levels: financial institutions, as seed and venture capital organizations, with specialization in the creation of and support to high tech start up and spin off companies.
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